july 2020 journal roundup cover

July 2020 Sports Medicine Journal Roundup

The American Journal of Sports Medicine (July 2020)

Kim, D. M., Shim, I. K., et al. A Combination Treatment of Raloxifene and Vitamin D Enhances Bone-to-Tendon Healing of the Rotator Cuff in a Rat Model. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 48(9), 2161–2169. https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546520927015

  • The combination treatment of raloxifene and vitamin D prevented a decrease in local bone mineral density of greater tuberosity of the proximal humerus and enhanced tendon-to-bone healing of the rotator cuff in a rat model.

Ayuob, A., Kayani, B., & Haddad, F. S. (2020). Acute Surgical Repair of Complete, Nonavulsion Proximal Semimembranosus Injuries in Professional Athletes. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 48(9), 2170–2177. https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546520934467

  • Acute surgical repair of complete, nonavulsion proximal semimembranosus injuries is associated with high patient satisfaction, increased muscle strength, improved functional outcome scores, and high return to preinjury level of sporting activity with low risk of recurrence at short-term follow-up.

Haskel, J. D., Baron, S. L., Zusmanovich, M., et al. Does Concomitant Lumbar Spine Disease Adversely Affect the Outcomes of Patients Undergoing Hip Arthroscopy? The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 48(9), 2178–2184. https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546520929344

  • Patients with known lumbar spine disease who underwent hip arthroscopy had a significantly greater percentage improvement at 24-month follow-up compared with those without a history of lumbar spine disease, and outcomes were ultimately not significantly different.

  • No increased risk of reoperation was noted in patients with concomitant lumbar spine disease.

Runer, A., Csapo, R., Hepperger, C., et al. Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstructions With Quadriceps Tendon Autograft Result in Lower Graft Rupture Rates but Similar Patient-Reported Outcomes as Compared With Hamstring Tendon Autograft: A Comparison of 875 Patients. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 48(9), 2195–2204. https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546520931829

  • Graft choice does not influence clinical and functional outcomes 2 years after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction.

  • However, 3 factors—graft type, age group, and activity level—have a significant value in predicting the need for revision surgery.

  • Patients treated with hamstring tendon autografts have a significantly higher, activity-dependent risk of revision surgery and experience more ipsilateral graft ruptures than subsequent contralateral ACL injuries when compared with patients treated with quadriceps tendon autografts.

  • Young age and high activity level are significant predictors for ACL revision surgery.

Boesen, A. P., Boesen, M. I., Hansen, R., et al. Effect of Platelet-Rich Plasma on Nonsurgically Treated Acute Achilles Tendon Ruptures: A Randomized, Double-Blinded Prospective Study. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 48(9), 2268–2276. https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546520922541

  • The application of PRP in nonsurgically treated acute Achilles tendon rupture did not appear to show any superior clinical and functional improvement.

Mack, C. D., Kent, R. W., Coughlin, M. J., et al. Incidence of Lower Extremity Injury in the National Football League: 2015 to 2018. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 48(9), 2287–2294. https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546520922547

  • Lower extremity injuries affect a high number of NFL players, and the incidence did not decrease over the 4 seasons studied.

  • Prevention and rehabilitation protocols for these injuries should continue to be prioritized.

British Journal of Sports Medicine (July 54-13, July 54-14)

Norris E, van Steen T, Direito A, et al. Physically active lessons in schools and their impact on physical activity, educational, health and cognition outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. British Journal of Sports Medicine 2020;54:826-838.

  • In elementary and preschool settings, when physically active lessons were added into the curriculum they had a positive impact on both physical activity and educational outcomes.

  • These findings support policy initiatives encouraging the incorporation of physically active lessons into teaching in elementary and preschool settings.

Chisholm DA, Black AM, Palacios-Derflingher L, et al. Mouthguard use in youth ice hockey and the risk of concussion: nested case–control study of 315 cases. British Journal of Sports Medicine 2020;54:866-870.

  • Mouthguard use was associated with lower odds of concussion.

  • Players should be required to wear mouthguards in youth ice hockey.

Huang R, Ning J, Chuter VH, et al. Exercise alone and exercise combined with education both prevent episodes of low back pain and related absenteeism: systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) aimed at preventing back pain. British Journal of Sports Medicine 2020;54:766-770.

  • Exercise alone and exercise combined with education can prevent episodes of LBP and LBP-related absenteeism.

Wheeler MJ, Green DJ, Ellis KA, et al. Distinct effects of acute exercise and breaks in sitting on working memory and executive function in older adults: a three-arm, randomised cross-over trial to evaluate the effects of exercise with and without breaks in sitting on cognition. British Journal of Sports Medicine 2020;54:776-781.

  • A morning bout of moderate-intensity exercise improves serum brain-derived neurotrophic growth factor (BDNF) and working memory or executive function in older adults, depending on whether or not subsequent sitting is also interrupted with intermittent light-intensity walking.

Sports Medicine (July 2020)

Natera, Alex O., Marco Cardinale, and Justin WL Keogh. “The Effect of High Volume Power Training on Repeated High-Intensity Performance and the Assessment of Repeat Power Ability: A Systematic Review.” Sports Medicine (2020): 1-23.

  • High volume power training (HVPT) can be used to improve a number of physical qualities including repeat power ability (RPA) and repeated high-intensity efforts (RHIEs); while a variety of RPA assessments provide valid and reliable information regarding the athlete’s ability to perform RHIEs.

  • Considering the heterogeneity in the HVPT protocols currently used and the relatively low volume and quality of longitudinal publications in this area, further studies are needed to identify the effects of a variety of HVPT methods on RPA, RHIE and other performance outcomes and to identify the most valid and reliable RPA outcomes to use in such studies.

Grgic, Jozo, et al. “Effects of Sodium Bicarbonate Supplementation on Muscular Strength and Endurance: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.” Sports Medicine (2020): 1-15.

  • Overall, sodium bicarbonate supplementation acutely improves muscular endurance of small and large muscle groups, but no significant ergogenic effect on muscular strength was found.

Caccese, Jaclyn B., et al. “Estimated age of first exposure to contact sports and neurocognitive, psychological, and physical outcomes in healthy NCAA collegiate athletes: a cohort study.” Sports medicine (2020): 1-16.

  • Findings suggest that repetitive head impacts (RHI) during early adolescence is unrelated to brain health as measured by these specific outcome measures in collegiate student athletes.

Sinding, Kasper Staghøj, et al. “Effects of Autograft Types on Muscle Strength and Functional Capacity in Patients Having Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Randomized Controlled Trial.” Sports Medicine (2020): 1-11.

  • One year after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACL-R), muscle strength is affected by autograft type, with semitendinosus-gracilis autograft (StG) leading to impairments of knee extensor (KE) and flexor (KF) muscle strength, while quadriceps tendon autograft (QTB) results in more pronounced impairments of KE only.

  • Functional capacity and patient-reported outcome were unaffected by autograft type, with the former showing impairment compared to healthy controls.

Sports Health Journal (July/August 2020)

Eichstadt, M., Luzier, J., Cho, D., & Weisenmuller, C. (2020). Eating Disorders in Male Athletes. Sports Health, 12(4), 327–333. https://doi.org/10.1177/1941738120928991

  • Professionals working closely with athletes are uniquely positioned to identify and screen those who may require further evaluation and treatment.

Koontz, J. S., Mountjoy, M., Abbott, K. E., et al. Sexual Violence in Sport: American Medical Society for Sports Medicine Position Statement. Sports Health, 12(4), 352–354. https://doi.org/10.1177/1941738120929946
Beck, E. C., Nwachukwu, B. U., Krivicich, L. M., et al. Preoperative Hip Extension Strength Is an Independent Predictor of Achieving Clinically Significant Outcomes After Hip Arthroscopy for Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome. Sports Health, 12(4), 361–372. https://doi.org/10.1177/1941738120910134

  • Preoperative isometric hip extension and abduction strength are correlated with 6-month postoperative patient-reported outcome (PRO) scores.

  • Furthermore, hip extension strength is a predictor of achieving clinically meaningful outcomes.

Current Sports Medicine Reports (July 2020)

APA Poff, Angela M. PhD1; Koutnik, Andrew P. PhD1,2; Egan, Brendan PhD2,3 Nutritional Ketosis with Ketogenic Diets or Exogenous Ketones: Features, Convergence, and Divergence, Current Sports Medicine Reports: July 2020 – Volume 19 – Issue 7 – p 251-259 doi: 10.1249/JSR.0000000000000732
APA Northam, Weston T. MD1,2; Cools, Michael J. MD1,2; Chandran, Avinash PhD2,3; Alexander, Andrew BS2,4; Mihalik, Jason P. PhD, CAT(C), ATC, FACSM1,2; Guskiewicz, Kevin M. PhD, ATC, FACSM2; Carneiro, Kevin A. DO1,2,5 Sports Medicine Fellowship Training Improves Sport-related Concussion Evaluation, Current Sports Medicine Reports: July 2020 – Volume 19 – Issue 7 – p 272-276 doi: 10.1249/JSR.0000000000000730