May 2019 Primary Care Sports Medicine Journal Roundup
The American Journal of Sports Medicine (May 2019)
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Artificial turf is an important risk factor for specific knee ligament injuries in NCAA football.
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Injury rates for PCL tears were significantly increased during competitions played on artificial turf as compared with natural grass.
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Lower NCAA divisions (II and III) also showed higher rates of ACL injuries during competitions on artificial turf versus natural grass.
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The authors found no difference in short-term effectiveness in combining patient education with knee-focused exercise, hip-focused exercise, or free training for patients with PFP
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Primary arthroscopic anterior shoulder stabilization in overhead athletes is associated with a low rate of recurrent stabilization surgery.
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Return to overhead athletics at short-term follow-up is lower than that previously reported for the general athletic population.
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Hip arthroscopy for all levels of runners is associated with a significant increase in PROs and a low risk of complications.
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The rate of return to running is moderately high after hip arthroscopy at midterm follow-up.
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Hip arthroscopy may be considered for runners presenting with symptoms of femoroacetabular impingement that fail nonoperative treatments.
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Of the pooled data, patients who underwent arthroscopic Bankart showed the highest rate of RTS, while patients who underwent open Latarjet showed the shortest time to RTS.
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Return to preinjury level was highest in the arthroscopic Bankart group and lowest in the arthroscopic Latarjet group.
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Physicians can utilize these data to set expectations for their patient-athletes regarding RTS after anterior shoulder stabilization procedures.
British Journal of Sports Medicine (May 2019 Vol 9, May 2019 Vol 10)

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low energy availability measured using self-report questionnaires is strongly associated with many health and performance consequences proposed by the relative energy deficiency in sport
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High intensity interval training and moderate intensity continuous training both resulted in reduced body fat percentage.
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Interval training provided 28.5% greater reductions in total absolutely fat mass (kg)
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Major (potentially ‘hidden’) clinical comorbidities increased substantially after elective arthroscopic hip surgery when compared with preoperative status.
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Cases of mental health disorders rose 84%, chronic pain diagnoses increased 166%, substance abuse disorders rose 57%, cardiovascular disorders rose by 71%, metabolic syndrome cases rose 85.9%, systemic arthropathy rose 132% and sleep disorders rose 111%
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These comorbidities appear to have been overlooked in major studies evaluating the benefits and risks of arthroscopic hip surgery.
Sports Medicine (May 2019)
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Equivocal-to-positive results
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The effect size was small (0.20), and confidence intervals for each individual study crossed the line of null effect
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The results may be relevant to high-level athletes, in which competitive outcomes are decided by small margins
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Aerobic or mind–body exercise may be the best for pain and function improvements.
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Strengthening and flexibility/skill exercises may be used for multiple outcomes.
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Mixed exercise is the least effective and the reason for this merits further investigation.
Sports Health Journal (May/ June 2019)
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Hip arthroscopy can lead to significant improvement in generic and hip-specific health-related quality of life outcomes at 12 to 24 months postoperatively in patients with FAI who do not have advanced hip osteoarthritis.
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There was a significant difference before and after implementation of the valgus control instruction program with regard to pain (49.18% ↓, P = 0.000), single-leg hop test (24.62% ↑, P = 0.000), triple-hop test (23.75% ↑, P = 0.000), crossover hop test (12.88% ↑, P = 0.000), single-leg 6-m timed hop test (7.43% ↓, P = 0.000), knee dynamic valgus angle (59.48% ↓, P = 0.000), peak abductor to adductor eccentric torque ratio (14.60% ↑, P = 0.000), peak external (59.73% ↑, P = 0.023) and internal rotator (15.45% ↑, P = 0.028) eccentric torques, and the ratio of peak external to internal rotator eccentric torque (40.90% ↑, P = 0.000) (P < 0.05).
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Patellofemoral pain syndrome rehabilitation and prevention programs should consider valgus control instruction exercises to decrease pain, improve strength, and increase athletes’ functional performance.
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There are limited indications of a beneficial impact of compression garments with improvements in ankle circumference measurements.
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No ergogenic impact was detected.